Artificial intelligence is now experiencing rapid growth, driven by major advances in the development of algorithmic models and by the increasing power of computing infrastructures. Considerable investments in this area are planned and there is significant demand from users at all levels. The rise of AI is not a temporary phenomenon, and raises growing questions about its environmental impact and energy consumption.
This report (in French), written by Lucie Zhang, offers a technological and prospective analysis of AI energy consumption, by retracing its historical evolutions, by identifying the drivers of this consumption, and by evaluating possible future scenarios and the potential consequences of the trajectories. Finally, it explores the levers of action available at the French and European levels to reconcile the development of AI, sustainability and sovereignty.