Energy renovation plays a central role in France's goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Direct emissions from the operation of residential and commercial buildings accounted for 15.5% of the country's greenhouse gas emissions in 2024. Residential and commercial buildings were the largest consumers of final energy in France in 2023. In this context, energy renovation is defined as the set of measures that can be implemented on building structures and energy systems to reduce energy consumption. Despite significant investment, however, it is struggling to scale up and accelerate in France.
This report, written (in French) by Lucie Zhang, aims to provide an overview of the current state of energy renovation for residential and commercial buildings in France and to analyze the main barriers. A final section is dedicated to the analysis and outlook of various economic models for renovation.